Historical demographers have estimated that about 4 million people lived on Earth in 10,000 B.C., according to Our World in Data. (Image credit: Shutterstock) The history of global population growth over timeįor the vast majority of human history, the global population grew relatively slowly. These are overarching themes that broadly point to how and why the global population will change in the coming years. In general, demographers have identified four demographic "mega-trends" that can help explain these changes in the composition of the global population: overall population growth, aging, increasing international migration and urbanization. Populations in certain areas are growing more quickly than others due to differences in fertility and mortality rates, as well as differing patterns of migration. Over the last 50 years, the composition of the world population, or the number of people in various demographic categories such as nationality, ethnicity and age, has changed because the nature of population growth isn't uniform across the regions of the world. Related: Why global population growth will grind to a halt by 2100 (opens in new tab) In 2019, a report published by the United Nations (opens in new tab) predicted that the global population annual growth rate would fall to less than 0.1% by 2100, due to a decreasing number of children born worldwide. projects that the world's population will reach about 11 billion by 2100, though long-term future projections are subject to change. 31, 2011 and that number is projected to reach 8 billion in 2023, 9 billion in 2037 and 10 billion by 2057, according to the same United Nations data. There were an estimated 7 billion people in the world as of Oct. The global population hit 3 billion in 1959, 4 billion in 1975, 5 billion in 1987 and 6 billion in 1999, according to the United Nations (opens in new tab). The next billion came a little over one century later, in 1927. The rate of growth quickly accelerated in the years that followed. The world's population reached 1 billion a little more than 200 years ago, in 1800, according to Our World in Data (opens in new tab), an open-source database and charity based in England and Wales. However, ever since peaking in the 1970's, the global population growth rate has slowed, according to a 1993 report published in the journal Population Today (opens in new tab). The world's population has grown rapidly in the last two centuries, driven largely by an increase in the number of people surviving to reproductive age as quality of life and healthcare have improved in almost every country around the world over this time.
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